Q.1
What risk factors does Amelie currently have for CKD?

HT and T2D. A variety of patient characteristics are known to be risk factors for the development of CKD, including hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus1. Gout and osteoarthritis are not risk factors for CKD; however, age can be a risk factor for CKD in people >65 years2

Q.2
What are some of the goals of the early diagnosis and management of CKD?

Slowing/arresting CKD progression, evaluating and managing comorbid conditions, and providing therapies based on diagnosis are essential goals for the early diagnosis and management of CKD3

Q.3
After taking Amelie’s blood pressure, you find it is 150/90mmHg. If Amelie has CKD, what would be her recommended target blood pressure according to 2021 KDIGO guidelines?

Targets should be individualised to the patient. According to the KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the management of blood pressure in CKD, blood pressure targets and agents should be individualised to the patient4

Q.4
As Amelie has T2D, if Amelie also has CKD how many times per year do the 2020 KDIGO guidelines recommend monitoring long-term glycaemic control by HbA1c?

Two. It is recommended to monitor long-term glycaemic control by HbA1c twice per year, although HbA1c can be measured as often as four times per year if the glycaemic target is not met or following a change in therapy5

Q.5
What is the recommended individualised HbA1c target range for diabetic patients with CKD who are not treated with dialysis?

<6.5% – <8.0%. In diabetic patients with CKD, who are not treated with dialysis, an individualised HbA1c target range of <6.5% – <8.0% is recommended depending on patient factors5

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